Originally, shock waves were solely used in urology for the fragmentation of kidney stones. The technology later found highly effective applications in the orthopedic and physiatric fields for treating conditions and inflammations affecting the musculoskeletal system, primarily targeting tendons and bones.
Shock waves are high-energy acoustic waves used in physical therapy for their therapeutic, pain-relieving, and anti-inflammatory effects. They stimulate tissue regeneration and provide quick pain relief, particularly indicated for treating tendinopathies and bone calcifications. There are two types of shock waves: focused ESWT and radial.
In physical therapy, focused shock waves are used to target a specific, well-defined point in depth, thanks to advanced machine technology that allows for the regulation of direction and intensity. Radial shock waves, on the other hand, cover a broader and more superficial area and are used in the aesthetic field to treat conditions such as cellulite.
Shock waves are utilized both in the acute and chronic phases and are recommended for conditions such as:
- Plantar fasciitis
- Epicondylitis (or tennis elbow)
- Heel spur
- Calcified tendinopathies (shoulder, Achilles tendon, jumper’s knee)
- Delayed bone healing
They are a therapy with few side effects and minimally invasive, but unlike Tecar therapy and Laser therapy, they are not completely painless; a discomfort may be felt, but it occurs only during the treatment, and its intensity is subjective. Once the area to be treated is identified, the physiotherapist applies a conductive gel and positions a probe that, once adjusted for intensity and depth, delivers the acoustic waves with circular movements. The therapy typically requires 3 sessions on a weekly basis, each lasting around 5 to 10 minutes.
The effects of shock waves are linked to a series of complex biological reactions, so it may take a few weeks to fully appreciate the benefits, which are usually visible 4-6 weeks after the treatment cycle has been completed.